Enhancing Electrical System Resilience in Industrial Facilities Through Integrated Power Quality Monitoring and Fault Management

Abstract

Industrial facilities increasingly depend on electrically sensitive, digitally controlled, and highly interconnected systems whose performance can be disrupted by power quality disturbances and equipment faults. This review examines how integrated monitoring, diagnostic, protection, maintenance, and restoration practices can strengthen continuity and resilience in such environments. The study employed a structured narrative review of literature published up to 2022, drawing on research covering power quality disturbances, condition monitoring, SCADA systems, fault detection and classification, protection coordination, predictive maintenance, distributed energy resources, and resilience assessment. Particular attention was given to evidence from industrial and power-system contexts across developed and emerging economies.
The review found that voltage sags and swells, harmonics, grounding deficiencies, transient events, load variability, and converter-dominated operation can significantly impair equipment performance and production stability. Continuous sensing, smart metering, SCADA integration, machine-learning-assisted diagnosis, waveform analysis, and condition-based monitoring were identified as important mechanisms for recognizing abnormal conditions before they escalate. The evidence further showed that resilience depends not only on detecting faults but also on selective isolation, adaptive protection, maintenance prioritization, load management, network reconfiguration, and controlled restoration. Distributed generation, microgrids, demand flexibility, and predictive maintenance can further strengthen continuity when incorporated within coordinated operational strategies. The review concludes that effective industrial resilience requires an integrated framework linking measurement, diagnosis, protection, maintenance, restoration, and organizational governance. It recommends wider deployment of interoperable monitoring architectures, periodic protection review, risk-based maintenance, resilience metrics, scenario testing, cybersecurity safeguards, and clearly defined restoration priorities. These measures can reduce downtime, limit fault propagation, protect critical assets, and improve recovery under increasingly complex operating conditions.