International Journal of Science, Technology & Society
The journal (International Journal of Science, Technology & Society) which is a peer reviewed research journal is planned to publish the debate, commentary, reviews and original research papers of high quality research and reviews primarily on the issues and knowledge regarding interdisciplinary approach in science and technology and inclusive policies by it can help marginalized sections of the society to become an integral part of main stream. The journal covers new knowledge and new insights in all disciplines of science including its interface with one another and with societies. It is unique in the sense, it makes a bridge between the science, technology and society which is an emerging thrust throughout the world to make an equal, peaceful and sustainable world. There is no page charge and no direct or indirect expenditure involved, but for a meager amount charged, only if the authors intend to buy hard copy of reprints of their paper. The authors will be provided a PDF file of their paper and a copy of the issue in which they have contributed. We invite all the colleagues to contribute their work in this journal in benefit of the science and society.
Study on the Comparative Performance Assessment of Distillation method by using a Conventional Method and Elix Technology
In this study, experiments were conducted on feed water and distill water generated from simple solar still and from elix technology; water quality analysis was done in laboratory to check the contaminants removal efficiency from raw water samples. Changes in the water quality may causes error in the compromised experimental results, contaminated reagents and also may change the accuracy of the equipment. The quality of water used in the laboratory is critical for the success of the tests performed. Water quality parameter such as pH, EC, TDS, COD, total alkalinity, total hardness, free residual chlorine, sodium, turbidity, chloride, sulphate, floride, Total and Fecal coliform and heavy metal like Pb, Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn, were analysed. Distilled water is one of the essential components for chemical and biological analysis in the field of analytical and medical testing. Many distillation methods are available but they are either energy intensive or use renewable (solar) energy like conventional solar still. In this study, performance analysis was conducted for Non-conventional (reverse osmosis and electro-de-ionization hybrid) and conventional (solar still) distillation units. The values obtained were within the standard range and it was concluded that the results of Elix water testing from processing unit were found more promising for research purpose.
Solar still, Distilled water, Reverse osmosis, Electrode de-ionization
Novel Utilization of Biofertilizers in Crop and Soil Improvement
The study was carried out to investigate the yield and soil quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and moong (Vigna radiate L.) crop. In order to obtain high precision in the results of the present investigation, the research trials were conducted for two consecutive years 2008-09 and 2009-10 under field conditions at Artoni (Agra) site. The experiment was laid out in RBD with five microbes (Azospirillum, Azotobactor, PSB, Azolla and Rhizobium) and four levels (120 & 60 kg N for wheat and 25 & 10 kg N for moong crop) of nitrogen. The results of this experiment proved that T2 treatment (Azospirillum +60 kg N ha-1) showed the best outcome during both the years for wheat crop and in moong crop. The growth and yield parameters i.e. plant height, no. of branches plant-1 no. of pods plant-1, pod length and grain yield were observed and treatment T7 (Rhizobium +10 kg N ha-1) was found to be better combination than others. The soil in respect to its physico-chemical properties showed an improvement due to the use of biofertilizers when compared to control and farmers practice.
Biofertilizer, Triticum aestivum L., Vigna radiata L, Azospirillum, Azotobactor, PSB, Azolla and Rhizobium
Pharmacological Evaluation of Saccharum Officinarum Linn. as Anti-ulcer Agent
The purpose of the study was to elucidate the antiulcer activity of stem of Saccharum Officinarum (Poaceae) in albino rats against aspirin induced gastric ulcer, ethanol induced gastric ulcer and pylorus ligation induced gastric ulcer models. Groups of rats were fasted overnight, received ranitidine (20 mg/kg) as a standard and plant stem juice extract at dose of 0.75 mL/100 gm and 1.5 mL/100 gm as a treatment against aspirin induced gastric ulcer, ethanol induced gastric ulcer and pylorus ligation induced gastric ulcer. The treatment produced significant protection of ulcer induced by aspirin, ethanol and pylorus ligation induced ulcer. The extract also reduced ulcer index, volume of gastric content, free and total acidity, suggesting that extract possesses significant anti-ulcer activity.
Anti-ulcer, Aspirin, Eth anol, pylorus ligation, Saccharum Officinarum
Methane Flux Estimation in MSW Open Dump Site by In-Situ Measurement and IPCC (DM and FOD) Model
This paper deals with the use of different methods to predict methane generation on an open dump site. Methane recovery data obtained on site as part of a research program being carried out at the Devguradia dumpsite, Indore, is analyzed and used to obtain field methane emission in three seasons. Field data from Municipal solid waste (MSW) dump site are presented and discussed measured in-situ technique i.e. using close chamber methods. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Default Method (DM) and First order Decay (FOD) method is used to estimate methane generation. It is found that despite the assumptions and the simplicity of the adopted procedures, the values methane obtained are slightly varying to those measured in the field. The values obtained were 4.5, 2.9 and 0.35 Gg/y respectively.
Methane, First order decay method, Default method, IPCC
Application of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria in Growth Enhancement of a Multipurpose crop Crotalaria Juncea (Sunhemp) in Saline Soil
Salinity is a major abiotic stress which limits the crop productivity. In this study salt tolerant bacteria were isolated from root nodules of Crotalaria juncea plant collected from different salt affected sites. Salt tolerance activity of all the isolates was checked and it was observed that 47% of the isolates showed up to 8% salt tolerance. On the basis of morphological, biochemical and physiological characterization isolates were found to be Gram negative, rod shaped and motile bacteria that belong to rhizobia. All the isolates also showed nodulation in host plant. Most of the isolates were positive for various plant growth promoting attributes. On the basis of salt tolerance and plant growth promoting characterization isolate CR6 was selected for further studies. CR6 showed positive results for phosphate and zinc solubilisation, and was able to produce indole acetic acid (IAA), siderophore and exopolysaccharides (EPS). CR6 also showed nitrogen fixation and ACC deaminase activity. CR6 was applied on Crotalaria plant to enhance growth in saline soil. After application of CR6 seed germination rate and various growth parameters such as root length, shoot length, nodule number, fresh weight, dry weight, leaves count, chlorophyll and proline content of plants were enhanced in comparison to control, hence CR6 can be used as an efficient bioinoculant to enhance crop growth in saline soil.
Abiotic stress, soil salinity, PGPR, rhizobia, Crotalaria juncea
Cosmoceutical and Therapeutic Potential of Isotretinoin Nanoparticulate Gel in Management of Acne
This study intended to develop and evaluate isotretinoin (ITR) loaded nanoparticles taking chitosan as a polymer of interest. Ionic crosslinking method was utilized to prepare nanoparticles. Nanoparticles were formulated using varying ratios (chitosan: tripolyphosphate) and evaluated for its size, distribution of size, zeta potential, percentage of ITR entrapped within nanoparticles, in vitro drug release and its stability under accelerated conditions. The prepared nanoparticles (NPs) were spherical, white in color and free flowing, 321± 4.5 nm was the average size of optimized chitosan nanoparticles and it was able to entrap 88.76 ± 3.5%. The outcomes assured vast promise of the CNs of ITR (optimized) in management of acne and also increasing the therapeutic efficacy, thus establish to be a promising, effective and patient compliant formulation.
Biodegradable, Tripolyphosphate, Ionic gelation technique, Acne, Chitosan
Issues and Challenges in Functioning of Panchayati Raj Institutions for Sustainable Development: A Case Study
Sustainable developmental goals (SDG’s) are new global level of goals, with targets and indicators that 193 member countries of United Nations in the world have mutually set and agreed upon. There are 17 goals on which the entire world is focusing at present to ensure sustainable development. For attaining these goals, local self-governance is used at the grassroots levels and in India the machinery is Panchayati raj Institutions. These institutions operate from central and state government level and include all the villages in it. These villages have panchayats and it is maintained by Gram Pradhans i.e. elected representatives, Secretary and other members of the gram panchayats. Though a lot is being done at grassroot level by these Gram Pradhans, under the mechanism of Panchayati raj institution and other administrative bodies, however it is not free from challenges. The present case study is a descriptive study which focuses attention to identify different challenges the elected representatives experience, in Panchayati raj institutions in India, which contribute directly for the sustainable development.
Sustainable development Panchayati Raj Institutions, Women, India, Challenges
Indian Religious Belief and Its Impact on Meat Industry
The livestock provides food items such as milk, meat and eggs for human consumption that are rich source of protein, mineral and vitamins and good for health. Livestock production is a vital activity in rural areas which provides employment, livelihood and income for farmers, rural poorer and weaker sections of society. India has religious belief that most of the Hindu community does not eat beef. They do not slaughter cattles (cow and its progeny). This is the main reason that Buffalo is surplus for export unlike goat/sheep/ poultry meat. This leads to India as a number 2 exporter of beef in the world. Livestock business provides employment to about 8.8 % of the population in India. Livestock sector is contributing 4.11% GDP and 25.6% of total Agriculture GDP of country. Governments and industries must prepare for meeting demand of meat in the country with long run policies and investments to satisfy ever rising consumer demand, improve nutritional status, generation of income opportunities and alleviate environment stress.
Molecular Pathways of Ischemic Stroke and Advanced Therapeutic Strategies
Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of death and permanent disability. This disease may affect any age group and especially in old age and pregnancy. All the responsible mechanisms are yet not completely understood. There is limited therapeutic intervention beyond prevention, yet tremendous progress in understanding cause of stroke at molecular level has been going on. A lot of advancement has occurred in the prevention and treatment of stroke during the past decade. In this review an update work of causeways of stroke and its therapeutic approaches have been discussed. The relevance of excitotoxicity (role of glutamate receptor), inflammation, ischemic penumbra, apoptosis, to delayed mechanisms and, damage and treatment strategies have been hasted out. Although the results among clinical studies, conflict regarding several experimental data of different therapies, and it may improve neurological outcome after acute cerebral ischemia. Along this several other interventions and new technologies such as stroke detector microwave helmet are being assessed and many other advanced techniques developed by researchers. Even the development of other novel and new treatment strategies (regarding molecular pathways and risk to benefit therapeutic ratio) for stroke are still required in future for better treatment.
Exitotoxicity, Molecular mechanisms, Stroke, Treatment strategies
Recent Advances in Temperate Fruit Crop Improvement
Globally India is the second largest producer of fruits; however the productivity is significantly low as compared to advanced countries. The majority of the temperate fruits and nuts are being cultivated in the north-western Himalayan and small areas are lies in north eastern parts. High altitude and temperate regions are capable to produce good quality fruits. But the foothill where the chilling is insufficient adversely affects the yield and quality. In India, majority of the temperate fruits were introduced from other parts of the world and some are indigenous to India like walnuts and wild apple species. Therefore, the improvement of the temperate fruits and nuts were taken place mainly through introduction of promising cultivars. The exotic cultivars are still the backbone of fruit production in India particularly for apple, pear, peach, plum and cherry. Promising varieties were introduced from USA, UK, Germany, Italy, France, Australia, New Zealand, Hungary and Bulgaria and were evaluated for commercial exploitation. However, in walnutand almonds, production is mainly from Indigenous cultivars/ local land races. These consisted of non-descriptive trees and highly variable in yield and quality traits. Recently, several varieties have been developed in India in apple, peach, plum, apricot, cherry and walnut. The potential of these varieties are immense for commercial exploitation. The paper attempt to document the accomplishment made in temperate fruit and nut improvement in perspective to Indian Scenario. The information is valuable for breeders and academician for further studies.
Temperate Fruits, Nuts, Breeding, Biotechnology, Processing
Doctor -Patient Relationship: An Empirical Analysis in Hospital
Patients are hardly communicated for their pattern of treatment, unless and until one shows anxiety to know about it. Informed choice for the treatment is conspicuous by its absence, as patients are hardly informed and in turn patients also think that it is the doctor who is the most competent person to look after the treatment. Treatment process cannot be viewed without the patient involvement in the process of interaction. Patient should occupy the centre stage. The serious issues of treatment should not by pass the patient but it should be a matter of available choices.
Medical Negligence: Experiences of Doctors in Hospital Settings
Medical profession which is a noble profession has now becoming a business. Medical professionals often forget their responsibilities towards their patients and conduct their professional work without observing the code of ethics and thereby violate the rights of the patients. Growing incidences of malpractice and medical negligence keep the patient resulting into the poor health or sometime in medical complications. Every now and then people slap or become aggressive if their patient dies in the hospital setting. They directly blame doctor for medical negligence. On the other hand doctors feel that medical profession is becoming very tough and patient and their relatives are no more passive recipient of the treatment. This paper explores the doctors’ experiences about the medical negligence.
Impact of Drudgery Reducing Technologies among Farmwomen of Gorakhpur and Deoria districts of U. P.
The present study investigates awareness & adoption towards improved farm tools and implements by the women farmers in Gorakhpur & Deoria districts of Uttar Pradesh. Data were gathered from 200 women farmers through a well-structured questionnaire, focused group discussion and personal interview. Findings revealed that women farmers use traditional tools and implements since a long time but most of the women farmers felt immense drudgery in their use. It was also found that most of the farmers were unaware of improved farm tools and implements, which reduce drudgery. The results also suggested that the respondents were willing to accept the information and subsequent use the improved tools and implements. This study can provide scope for promotion of technology in gender perspective towards the challenges of farmwomen would help in reducing drudgery and occupational health problems of women workers in agriculture.
Awareness, Drudgery reduction, Simple farming tools; Drudgery; Farmwomen;
Weak nonlinear rotating Bénard convection with modulation using Ginzburg- Landau model
This article theoretically investigates the effect of modulated rotation speed on rotating Rayleigh- Bénard convection. The Rayleigh-Bénard momentum equation with Coriolis term has been used to describe the fluid flow in the medium. The system is consider to rotate about vertical axis with non-uniform rotational speed consisting of steady and time dependent parts. In particular, we assume that the rotation speed i.e time dependent part is varying sinusoidally with time. A nonlinear stability analysis has been performed to find the effect of modulation on heat transport. The heat transfer quotient, Nusselt number obtained in terms of amplitude and frequency of modulation, and depicted graphically with respect to slow time, showing the effect of various parameters of the system on heat transport. It is found that the effect of rotation speed modulation is to stabilize or destabilize the system depending on the amplitude and frequency of modulation. The corresponding streamlines and isotherms are presented at different states of slow time .
Rayleigh-Bénard convection, Rotation speed modulation, Coriolis force, Taylor number, Weak nonlinear stability.
Convection in an Anisotropic Porous Medium with Temperature Dependent Viscosity and Throughflow under G-jitter
In the present article, we study the combined effect of variable viscosity and throughflow in an anisotropic porous media under gravity modulation by reducing the model equations into Ginzgburg-Landau equation. A weakly non-linear stability analysis has been performed by adopting power series expansion in terms of the amplitude (assumed to be small) of gravity modulation. The Nusselt number is obtained in terms of the amplitude for the stationary mode of convection. Heat transfer mechanism is done by Nusselt number by taking different parameters, and depicted it graphically. Further, it is found that on increasing the value of thermo-rheological parameter, heat transport is more in the system. An increment in the amplitude (frequency) of gravity modulation enhances (diminishes) the heat transport. The behavior of Vadasz number, anisotropic parameters, and Peclet number are also studied.
Non-linear stability analysis, Throughflow, Variable viscosity, Anisotropic porous medium
Study of heat transfer in a nanofluid layer using homotopy analysis method
In this paper, we perform a weak nonlinear stability analysis to study the heat transfer in a horizontal nanofluid layer. We consider a set of new boundary conditions for the nanoparticle fraction, which is physically more realistic. The new boundary condition is based on the assumption that the nanoparticle fraction adjusts itself so that the nanoparticle flux is zero on the boundaries. The governing equations for this problem are reduced to Ginzburg–Landau equation and solved by using homotopy analysis method (HAM). Obtained results are valid for the whole solution domain with high accuracy. Nusselt number and Nanoparticle Nusselt number are calculated for different values of parameters. The results have been depicted graphically.
Nanofluid, Nanoparticle flux, Ginzburg-Landau Model, homotopy analysis method (HAM).
Study of absorption spectra of organic light emitting materials (triphenyl derivatives of amine): A quantum mechanical study
Density Functional theory (DFT) is used to study the effect of substituents on the electronic and optical property of organic light emitting material 1,3,5-tris(4’-(1’’- phenyl-benzimidazol-2’’- yl)phenyl) amine (TPBB) and its derivatives (MeO-TPBB, Br-TPBB and Bu-TPBB ). TD – DFT has been used to study the absorption spectra of these molecules. This study suggests that each derivative of TPBB shows a UV – VIS spectra at slightly different frequency.
OLED, TPBB, HOMO - LUMO, GAUSSIAN, TD-DFT
Investigation and Performance Evaluation of Organic Filter for Removal of Tar and SPM
Producer gas obtained from biomass gasification contains organic impurities (Tar), inorganic impurities and suspended particulate matter in addition to the main components. Tar, which is in sticky nature, can cause severe operational problems such as fouling and blocking of the pipes and equipment. Most applications of Producer gas require a low Tar content (less than 50 mg/ Nm3 for motive power application, less than 5 mg/Nm3 for turbine application, and even less than 1 mg/Nm3 for fuel cell). Therefore, these contaminants must be removed before the producer gas is used for motive power application and/or fuel cells and methanol synthesis. Several technologies are available for Tar removal. Here an organic filter are used for Tar removal due to easily available, cheaper than other technologies and creates less impact on environment. The producer gas passing through different organic filter components (such as gram straw, coconut husk and egg shell) could clean the impurity present with them. This paper provides the performance evaluation and saturation time of different organic filter components for removal of Tar. The saturation time of organic filter was found in the range of 9-10 hours and percentage of tar removal was between 65 to 70%. Hence, overall Tar removal efficiency of the entire system including modified air heat exchanger was found to be 74.84%.
Tar, SPM, Organic filters, Air heat exchanger
Interlinking of Indian Rivers : An Answer to Eco-Sustainability?
Water is the most precious gift of nature to life on earth. India is one of the few countries in the world which has ample quantity of this prized possession. However, the imbalances have thrown up many debatable issues, one of them being the Inter-linking of Rivers (or ILR). The Interlinking of Rivers programme is aimed at linking different surplus rivers of country with deficient ones to probably help in increasing irrigation intensity in the country, increasing water availability for both drinking and industrial purposes, mitigating effects of droughts and floods to a certain extent. The paper focuses of certain factual understanding of the project and its feasibility towards making water a more sustainable resource on planet Earth.
Indian River System, Water security, Interlinking of Rivers, Climate modelling
Computational techniques for designing new lead molecules in the process of drug discovery
Computational techniques are important in the field of drug discovery. These techniques are generally categorized in two methods namely ‘structure-based’ and ‘ligand-based’ methods. The present review discusses the theory of the most important methods, recent successful applications, pharmacophore modeling and quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) studies. A brief introduction of molecular docking methods and their development and applications in drug discovery process is also included. Basic theories and fundamental techniques including sampling algorithms and scoring functions are discussed.
Drug design, Molecular Docking, QSAR and Pharmacophore Modeling
Surrogacy and Art in India: Socio-Legal and Ethical Dilemma
Prediction for Software Quality Open-Source Dataset Based on CART Approach Using Machine Learning Techniques
Open-source dataset available for different source of platform.Software quality is an important approach for the user as well as softwaredevelopers also.In this paper the study of various classification and regression tree (CART) method for software quality predictions. In this method have been used for a new algorithm design which is based on partitioning method. Among so many prediction methods over the recently published data mining predictionsfor software quality models such that classification and regression tree (CART), deep neural network (DNN), hierarchical attention network (HAN), multiple linear regression (MLR), stepwise regression (SR), artificial neural network (ANN) and case-based reasoning (CBR).CART algorithm to design an enhanced level of classification accuracy for large (complex) data set when compared with prior to classical CART concepts. CART can perform a balanced tree structure that is misclassify the fault-prone modules to classification-tree models based on Open-source dataset. The Open-source dataset used in Vote to classify the various machine learning algorithms such as J48, Random Forest, Logistic Model Tree. In this paper we also compute the best accuracy for vote dataset. This paper presents details on the cart algorithm to predict the quality of system in different ML algorithms.
Classification tree, Regression tree, Fault prone module, and Quality prediction, J48, Random Forest and Logistic Model Tree.
A Comparative Study of UASB and Fluidized Bed Reactor for Anaerobic Waste Water Treatment of Different Waste Concentration
The objective of this work was to comparatively investigate the performance of two anaerobic waste water treatment reactors namely UASB and fluidized Bed Reactor (FBR). Two lab scale models were erected and experiments were carried on both the reactors for different substrate concentration of COD 16800mg/L and 2880mg/L for UASB and FBR respectively. Effect of HRT on degradation of organic matter was studied through estimating COD at regular time intervals, COD removal rates for FBR and UASB were found to be 108mg/L/ day and 231mg/L/day respectively, The COD removal for UASB and FBR was 60% and 57% of the initial value respectively.
Anaerobic waste water treatment, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Fluidized Bed Reactor (FBR), Synthetic waste water, Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB),
A Preliminary Study on the Performance of Fly Ash Coating on M15 Block of Battery Waste Slag: Solidification/ Stabilization Process
A Solidification/ Stabilization performance of lead containing battery waste slag with cement matrix was studied. The samples of an industrial battery waste slag were used in experimental work. Heavy Metal Characterization of battery waste slag by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) revealed that battery waste slag contains a certain percentage of lead and Chromium. Dissolving of the slag components causes migration of ions into water that can induce a significant pollution of environment. The influence of concrete block composition was the evaluated for fly ash coated and without fly ash coated block. For Mandatory requirement also available leaching test [NEN- 7341] to evaluate the leaching behavior of coated and without coated concrete block. The result revealed that Unconfined Compressive Strength were observed in the range of 6.51- 25.66 mpa without coated concrete block and coated block with 2.9 mpa - 17.67 mpa.
Leaching, Lead, Slag, Stabilization/ Solidification, Unconfined Compressive Strength.
Development and Evaluation of Muskmelon-Banana Blended Fruit Leather
Muskmelon is a highly perishable fruit of summers. It is mainly consumed as table fruit and has least uses in processing industry. Being a good source of sugars, vitamins, minerals and due to its refreshing nature, musk melon is a popular fruit in summers. But due to high moisture content the fruit can’t be stored for a long duration resulting in high post harvest losses of the fruit. Banana is also a very good source of minerals and nutrients. Due to the climacteric nature, it ripens very fast and therefore, is highly perishable in nature. Overripe bananas, although being a rich source of sugar and calories are not consumed by people due to its poor and soggy texture. Efforts were made to develop fruit leather from musk melon to utilize its nutritional properties and reduce post harvest losses during summers. Over ripe bananas were used to sweeten the product. Muskmelon and over ripe banana were mixed in different proportions to prepare fruit leather. Treatment R4 (Muskmelon-90%, banana pulp-10%) was adjudged best,on the basis of overall acceptability and nutritional quality. It contained fair amount of ascorbic acid, carotenoids, total soluble solids and sugars. Fruit leathers were palatable, with good texture and flavour.Development of muskmelon-banana leather was found to be an innovative idea to blend the various nutritive properties of muskmelon and over ripe banana together to increase the consumption and usage of both muskmelon and over ripe banana.
Banana, Leather, Muskmelon, Perishable Fruits
Physalis peruviana oil based NLCs for dermal drug delivery
Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) are a new progression in the area of lipid nanoparticles which are preferred for topical use. NLC possess reasonable solubility enhancement capacity of poorly soluble drugs, which create a high concentration gradient to aid the permeation of drug. The endeavor of this study was to develop and analyze Physalis peruvianaoil based NLC. Theoilwas extracted by hot soxhlation using n-hexane as the solvent and the extracted oil wasutilized as an excipient (liquid lipid). Factorial design was adopted to optimize the amount of lipid blend (extracted oil and solid lipid), surfactant (Pluronic F-68) and sonication time to formulate NLC. The optimized formulations of fluconazole loaded NLC (PP-F-NLC) were evaluated by particle size, antifungal study, occlusion test, in-vitro skin permeation study and irritation test on animal skin. EE was found to be 99.96% and the optimized formulation showed 83% drug release in 24 hours. The formulated NLC showed better skin penetration, and potent antifungal activity against Microsporum fulvum as compared to marketed gel.It was concluded that the Physalis peruviana oil incorporated NLC is a promising formulation for fungal treatment and possesses high antioxidant potency.Physalis peruviana NLC can act as a potential carrier for anti-fungal/anti-inflammatory drugs to enhancethe purported pharmacological activity against various problems.
DPPH antioxidant assay, Experimental design, Microsporum fulvum, Physalis peruviana oil
Electrochemical evaluation of corrosion inhibition of SAE 1010 carbon steel in 1M HCl by galactomannans
The inhibition properties of galactomannans (GM) on low carbon steel samples immersed in 1M HCl were judged by advanced electrochemical assessments. The electrochemical results obtained by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of the inhibited electrodes were evaluated in contrast to the electrodes prone to corrosive solution and GM’s character in inhibition of corrosion was perceived. The results, qualitative and quantitative thus derived prove GM to be effective for corrosion protection of SAE 1010 carbonsteel in 1 M HCl.
Corrosion inhibition, EIS, Galactomannan, HCl, SAE 1010 c steel
Promoter methylation analysis of Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling-1 (SOCS1) gene in Colorectal cancer patients and its association with Clinicopathological characteristics
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide with 1.3 million new cases each year. In India, it is the fourth most common cancer in males and the third most common cancer in females. By the advent of molecular biology techniques, new biomarkers such as methylation of DNA, miRNAs resulted and used for early diagnosis as well as personalized therapies. Tumor suppressor gene(s) promoter methylations are one of such biomarkers in identifying the tumor aggressiveness, metastasis and the survival outcome after the surgery. Suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 (SOCS1) gene is a tumor suppressor gene, reported to be silenced in several types of cancers including CRC. However, the role of SOCS1 promoter methylation as a marker remains understudied, not completely established in CRC. We investigated the promoter methylation status of SOCS1 gene in stage II and III CRC samples, find its prognostic significance and association with clinicopathological characteristics. We analyzed 56 CRC samples for SOCS1 promoter methylation and found, 24 samples (42.9%) methylated whereas 32 samples (57.1%) unmethylated. The pathological investigations revealed that SOCS1 promoter methylations were associated with poor differentiation of tumor tissue (P<0.017), and decreased the overall survival rate (22.5 months). Further, we also found that promoter methylations are not associated with other clinicopathological characteristics such as lymph node metastasis, tumor stage, and dietary habits.
Colorectal cancer (CRC), Promoter hypermethylation, Suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 (SOCS1)
The real estate sector is one of the most important sectors of our Indian economy. It is expected that the Indian real estate sector will reach US$ 1 trillion by the end of 2030. Since it has a very high multiplier impact on the economy therefore, it has proved to be a big driver of economic growth as well. After agriculture, this sector is the second-largest employment generating sector. The real estate industry in India has been growing at about 20% per annum and is contributing nearly 5-6% to Indian GDP. Besides generating high level of direct employment, it has also helped in stimulating the demand in more than 250 ancillary industries such as cement, steel, paint, brick, building materials, consumer durables and many more. Indirect taxability of Construction activities has been tough always and also subject to litigation many a times. Prior to Goods and Services tax (‘GST’) rules, the real estate developers and the buyers had to deal with problems arising from manifold erstwhile taxes such as VAT, Service Tax, Central Excise, Octroi, Entry Tax, Local Body Taxes, etc. In addition, rates of specific state, deemed sales, different valuation for VAT and Service tax, and varied schemes for paying taxes etc. were among the major problems faced by real estate sector. Before GST was introduced in India, the Central Government levied excise duty of 12.5% on almost all the items required for real estate construction. Parallelly, the State Governments charged value-added tax (‘VAT’) from 12.5% to14.5% on the same products. This study aims at researching the detailed impact of GST on the Indian Real Estate Sector.